Types of visual improvement operations: advantages and disadvantages

To date, the problem of vision deterioration (the rapid development of several ophthalmic diseases) in people of different age categories is very acute. Everything is to blame for a negligent attitude towards health and excessive burden in the vision organ. Computers, tablets, phones, televisions and electronic books: all these things can not only simplify life, but vice versa, damage.

Fortunately, science does not stop and those diseases that have previously succumb to treatment can now eliminate almost without consequences and complications.

Laser vision correction

The correction of the laser vision is an opportunity not only to leave the glasses and contact lenses, but also the only effective and safe way to preserve vision in old age.

The advantages of this procedure:

• Security. The relatively low probability of developing serious complications.
• Efficiency for any violation. The operation is carried out not only to improve vision and get rid of optics. In some cases, laser correction cannot be dispensed (this applies to diseases that lead to blindness).
• PainlessBefore starting the procedure, the patient is buried in the vision organ of the anesthetic drug, so the maximum that the patient may feel is an easy discomfort in certain stages of surgical intervention.
• Continuity. The procedure itself lasts a minute, the main time is dedicated to preparing to spend it.
• Brief recovery period. In this case, there is no design need in a hospital. The procedure is carried out on an outpatient manner and after it, the patient can go home.
• Stability and predictability. The doctor almost always knows the operation before. The result persists for a long time (the exception may be the presence of progressive myopia in the patient).

The choice of a specialist and the place of the operation always remains behind the patient. The price of the procedure and the services of a doctor in private clinics may differ. His training is affected by many factors. Therefore, it is worth spending time to find information and clarify all issues of interest in advance.

Varieties of surgery

There are several correction methods. Each of them has its own advantages and disadvantages. Laser correction types list:

• laser keratomiles (subepithelial);
• Photo refraction keratectomy;
• FEMTOSEGDO LKZ.

The photographic refraction keratectomy (Federal Migration Service) was first passed into Germany for the first time. Using this procedure, an exposure to the cornea with a laser with a jump. The testimony of realization is astigmatism, myopia and intensity.

A significant problem of the photographic keratectomy method is a long and unpleasant recovery period. In addition, the vision after the procedure does not return immediately, but gradually, they are possible complications. Therefore, they turn to him only when other more modern and effective methods are contraindicated.

Laser subepithelial keratomiles (LASEK). Unlike the previous method, during the operation, the corneal layer of the surface does not occur, it only changes to the side. The recovery period lasts less than with the Federal Migration Service.

Laser keratomiles (lasik). At the moment, this is the safest and most effective method of vision correction. The recovery period is short, the vision already improves in the early hours after surgery.

FEMTOSEGUND LEC (FEMO LASIK) is one of the modifications of the LASIK method, which helps achieve perfect results. The risks are reduced, the returns of the vision and the rehabilitation period does not last long. In addition, this method has less contraindications than ordinary laser correction. The procedure can be carried out to patients even with the "dry eye syndrome".

There are also other modifications of the main methods. The doctor carries out the choice of the most relevant method in a specific situation.

Indications and contraindications

The correction of the laser vision, like any other procedure, has its own indications and contraindications. The indications are divided into two types: doctor and professional.

A medical indication for the correction of laser vision is the presence of such violations in one eye (the other well):

• farsightedness;
• astigmatism;
• myopia.

Professional indications (specialties in which it is inappropriate to wear glasses or glasses):

• firefighters;
• police;
• military;
• People who work in the industrial sphere (where there is a lot of dust, smoke and other adverse factors).

The contraindications are relative and absolute. Absolute includes:

• Autoimmune pathologies;
• immunodeficiency;
• diseases that affect the processes and healing rate after surgery;
• the presence of only one eye in the patient;
• myopia (progressive);
• Herpesvirus infection;
• detached retina;
• The thinning of the cornea.

Relative contraindications list:

• diabetes mellitus;
• psychosis;
• Breastfeeding pregnancy;
• heart problems in the patient (the presence of a pacemaker);
• Ophthalmological diseases of an inflammatory nature;
• scars in the cornea (shell);
• Changes in the retina and the background.

The operation is strictly prohibited to carry out people who have not reached the age of 18. This is due to physiological characteristics (not completely formed by the ocular globe).

Preparation for laser correction

When the operation to restore the vision is already assigned, the ophthalmologist recommends taking a series of tests and following certain rules. You may also need a consultation of other specialists: therapist, endocrinologist, cardiologist, etc.

Analysis that must be taken before the procedure:

• General blood analysis;
• General urine analysis;
• HIV analysis;
• Syphilis analysis;
• hepatitis analysis;
• Coagulogram

The list of recommendations that are very important for admission to surgical intervention:

• Stop using contact lenses (it is necessary to do this or two weeks before surgery);
• reject a few days before the procedure of alcoholic beverages and medications that contain alcohol;
• Put in order before the procedure;
• Breakfast on the day of the assigned date should be easy;
• It is impossible to apply makeup on the face and perfume to the body before the operation;
• It is necessary to buy and wear sunglasses with you (they will be necessary after the procedure and during the recovery period);
• It is advisable to take a close person with him for an improvement in the laser vision of the vision that will remember all the doctor's recommendations regarding the postoperative period will help to get home, and the first time he will take care of the patient.

Compliance with these conditions is very important, since the success of the procedure and the final result depends on this.

How the procedure is carried out

Almost all types of laser correction are carried out in 3 main stages. If we talk about the most effective, popular and demanded procedure, then it is the following:

1. The first stage. A laser or a microcate creates a flap on the surface of the cornea and takes it aside.
2. The second stage. There is a change in the form of the cornea with a laser beam (it must correspond to the patient's individual parameters).
3. The third stage. The flap is returned to the initial position and is carried.

Many heard that patients are sealing their eyes during operation. There are times when the patient wakes up during the procedure, and trauma is possible. In this situation, the eyes are not sealed during the correction of the laser, since the anesthetic drops are instilled before the procedure and the operation itself only a few minutes, so such measures are too much.

Postoperative period

The postoperative period is made in each other. But after laser correction for lasik, the patient feels an improvement in the first days and does not feel much discomfort.

After surgical intervention, it is necessary to clarify once again about all possible complications, ask exciting questions, also listen to the main recommendations.

The approximate list of actions in the postoperative period (the duration of this period depends on many factors):

• You can only sleep upside down;
• It is necessary to visit an ophthalmologist on the established dates;
• After surgery, it is necessary to put sunglasses on the street (protect from dust, infection and small particles in the eyes);
• He cannot touch his hands in the place operated;
• The prescribed medications must be used strictly over time and in the indicated quantity;
• It is better not to wash the head in the first days after the operation;
• You can wash only with purified or boiled water;
• For some time, you must abandon the use of care and decorative cosmetics;
• It is important to moderate physical effort for some time (the doctor must inform the end of the restrictions at the reception after the exam);
• You cannot visit saunas, swimming pools and other public places where you can see the infection;
• It is necessary to reduce the load in the eyes (refuse to read, watch television, long -term use of telephones and tablets);
• It is strictly forbidden to drive a car in the postoperative period;
• If it hurts or feels a strong discomfort, it is necessary to contact a specialist.

There are some nutrition recommendations. Since the correction of the laser is still surgery and, therefore, a certain stress for the body, it must eat well.

As in any other period, food must be useful and contain the necessary vitamins. To improve vision, it is recommended to eat fruits and vegetables rich in vitamins A and C.

For this they are adequate:

• Fruits and berries: blueberries, apricots, peaches, kiwi, etc. ;
• Vegetables: broccoli, carrots, tomatoes, pumpkin;
• dairy products (cottage cheese);
• Fish: salmon, mackerel;
• Meat: chicken, rabbit, turkey;
• spoils (kidneys and liver);
• Eggs (yolks).

In the postoperative period, it is strictly forbidden to drink alcohol and it is advisable to abandon smoking.If health worsens in the first weeks after surgery and the prescription of additional medications is required, the doctor should be mentioned on the laser correction recently performed.

The risks and consequences of the operation

Despite the fact that laser correction in principle has no serious danger, there are situations in which complications still arise and lead to not very pleasant consequences. The ophthalmologist and the patient, according to the operation, should be mentioned at the reception, must be ready for possible risks.

A list of possible complications that can occur during operation:

• The horn housing can be cloud;
• Visual acuity can decrease;
• The image can begin to double;
• Astigmatism develops.

Such problems may arise for several reasons: the lack of experience and professionalism in a doctor, incorrectly selected tools or a method of correction, technical reasons, etc.

Complications that can occur after the operation:

• Swelling, inflammatory process, itching, pain and burning;
• allergic drug reaction;
• lack of improvement or deterioration;
• blindness (caused by individual intolerance).

A series of problems that may not happen immediately, but some time after surgery:

• the return of ophthalmic diseases (shortage of the therapeutic effect);
• Dry eye syndrome;
• Pathological processes that affect the cornea (keratoconus, erosion, etc. ).

The laser correction method has advantages and disadvantages. Decide this procedure or is not the case of all. In some cases, it helps improve the quality of life (it makes it possible to walk without glasses and glasses), and sometimes save complete blindness.

Surgical operations

Despite the high popularity of laser correction, there are situations in which it simply cannot do without other micro -surgical operations. They save from the blindness of the patients with glaucoma, cataracts and several pathologies of the retina. And they also have a series of advantages and disadvantages.

To combat the cataract, the operations are carried out to remove the lens and its replacement with a lens. Microcirugia is also able to deal with retina diseases. To do this, doctors achieve their full adjustment to fabrics (subject) or eliminate scars and vitreous body fabric with signs of pathological changes. Glaucoma is gained by surgery to restore the balance of liquids in the organ.

These procedures (surgical interventions) are widely used : :

• keratoplasty (through this procedure, the functions and form of the cornea are restored);
• scleroplasty (an operation that helps to suspend progressive myopia);
• Implementation of lenses (Fakid): The vision of the future and myopia are adjusted;
• Vitrectomy (during this procedure, pathological processes in the retina are eliminated)
• Lensectomy (during the operation the lens is eliminated and replaced with an intraocular lens).

Operating ophthalmic intervention may be madness or superficial. The correction of the laser refers to the surface type and the operation to eliminate the cataracts to the strip.

Surgical intervention reaches the rescue when laser correction is prohibited or cannot cope with severe ophthalmological disease (cataract, glaucoma, etc. ).Therefore, if the doctor insists precisely on the surgical way of fighting the disease, then he needs to trust him.

The treatment of ophthalmic diseases is rarely cheap, and this is not due to doctors to earn as much money as possible. This is due to the high cost of material and equipment with which the treatment is carried out. The eternal problem is also a decision to choose a clinic: private or state. In this case, it is difficult to guess. The doctor of the state clinic can have more experience, and performs all procedures efficiently and with confidence, and the doctor of a private clinic has more conditions for successful work (modern equipment). Some doctors work simultaneously both in the private clinic and in the state, so you do not need to focus on the price of services. The presence of positive reviews and recommendations is much more important.